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Monday, April 29

Supreme Court on continuance of domestic enquiry against the retired employees


Shri Anant R. Kulkarni vs. Y.P. Education Society & Ors, Civil Appeal No. 3935 of 2013 (Decided on 26.04.2013)

The Court examined following question:


“Under what circumstances enquiry can be conducted against the delinquent employee who has retired on reaching the age of superannuation?”

The Court held:

the relevant rules governing the service conditions of an employee are the determining factors as to whether and in what manner the domestic enquiry can be held against an employee who stood retired after reaching the age of superannuation. Generally, if the enquiry has been initiated while the delinquent employee was in service, it would continue even after his retirement, but nature of punishment would change. The punishment of dismissal/removal from service would not be imposed. [Para 18]

The court also quoted following case laws:


‘NOIDA Entrepreneurs Association v. NOIDA & Ors’., AIR 2011 SC 2112, in which the court examined the issue, and held that:

“the competence of an authority to hold an enquiry against an employee who has retired, depends upon the statutory rules which govern the terms and conditions of his service.”



‘State of Assam & Ors. v. Padma Ram Borah’, AIR 1965 SC 473, the Constitution Bench held that:

“it is not possible for the employer to continue with the enquiry after the delinquent employee stands retired.”

The Court observed:-

“According to the earlier order of the State Government itself, the service of the respondent had come to an end on March 31, 1961. The State Government could not by unilateral action create a fresh contract of service to take effect from April 1, 1961. If the State Government wished to continue the service of the respondent for a further period, the State Government should have issued a notification before March 31, 1961.”

‘State of Punjab v. Khemi Ram’, AIR 1970 SC 214, this court observed:

“There can be no doubt that if disciplinary action is sought to be taken against a government servant it must be done before he retires as provided by the said rule. If a disciplinary enquiry cannot be concluded before the date of such retirement, the course open to the Government is to pass an order of suspension and refuse to permit the concerned public servant to retire and retain him in service till such enquiry is completed and a final order is passed therein.”


‘Kirti Bhusan Singh v. State of Bihar & Ors’., AIR 1986 SC 2116, this Court held as under:

“…. We are of the view that in the absence of such a provision which entitled the State Government to revoke an order of retirement……. which had become effective and final, the order passed by the State Government revoking the order of retirement should be held as having been passed without the authority of law and is liable to be set aside. It, therefore, follows that the order of dismissal passed thereafter was also a nullity.”

‘Bhagirathi Jena v. Board of Directors, O.S.F.C. & Ors’., AIR 1999 SC 1841, the Court observed:

“… There is also no provision for conducting a disciplinary enquiry after retirement of the appellant and nor any provision stating that in case misconduct is established, a deduction could be made from retiral benefits. Once the appellant had retired from service on 30-6-1995, there was no authority vested in the Corporation for continuing the departmental enquiry even for the purpose of imposing any reduction in the retiral benefits payable to the appellant. In the absence of such an authority, it must be held that the enquiry had lapsed and the appellant was entitled to full retiral benefits on retirement.”


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